90 Years Underground: The Story of Moscow’s First Metro Line
On May 15, 1935, the Moscow Metro opened its first line, marking the beginning of a transformative era in urban transportation and Soviet architectural ambition. This inaugural line, stretching from Sokolniki to Park Kultury, was more than just a transit route—it was a symbol of progress and a testament to the Soviet Union’s commitment to modernisation.
From Concept to Construction
The idea of an underground railway in Moscow has been contemplated since the late 19th century. However, it wasn’t until the early 1930s, amidst rapid urbanisation and increasing traffic congestion, that the project gained momentum. In 1931, following a severe snowstorm that paralysed the city’s transportation, Soviet authorities recognised the urgent need for a reliable transit system. This led to the establishment of Metrostroy, the organisation responsible for metro construction, under the leadership of Lazar Kaganovich.
Construction officially began in December 1931, with workers breaking ground at 13 Rusakovskaya Street. Despite limited resources and challenging soil conditions, the project progressed rapidly, employing innovative techniques and drawing inspiration from existing metro systems in London and Paris. By 1935, the first line was ready for operation.
Architectural Marvels
The initial 11-kilometer line featured 13 stations, each designed with unique architectural elements that blended functionality with grandeur. Stations like Kropotkinskaya and Krasnye Vorota showcased high ceilings, ornate chandeliers, and intricate mosaics, earning the metro the nickname “the people’s palaces.” These designs were intended to reflect the Soviet ideal of making art and beauty accessible to all citizens.
The use of high-quality materials such as marble, granite, and bronze, combined with artistic motifs celebrating Soviet achievements, transformed the metro stations into cultural landmarks. This approach set a precedent for future metro expansions, where aesthetics and symbolism remained integral to station design.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Beyond its architectural splendour, the Moscow Metro played a vital role in the city’s social and political life. During World War II, stations served as bomb shelters, providing refuge for thousands of citizens. Notably, in 1941, Joseph Stalin delivered a speech at the Mayakovskaya station, rallying the populace during a critical period of the war.
Over the decades, the metro has continued to evolve, expanding its network and incorporating modern technologies. Today, it stands as one of the busiest metro systems globally, serving millions of passengers daily and remaining a source of pride for Muscovites.
Legacy and Continued Excellence
As the Moscow Metro celebrates its 90th anniversary, it remains a testament to visionary planning and enduring craftsmanship. The first line’s successful implementation set the foundation for a transit system that not only meets the practical needs of a growing city but also enriches its cultural fabric.
For visitors and residents alike, a journey through the Moscow Metro offers more than transportation—it provides a passage through history, art, and the resilient spirit of a city that continues to thrive beneath its bustling surface.
Interested in exploring more about Moscow’s rich history and culture? Stay tuned to our blog for upcoming articles and insights.
Photo credits: Flikr, Canva, Wikimedia Commons, Mosmetro.
