Summer Solstice in Latvia: Līgo

Every year on the night of June 23rd, Latvians gather across the country to celebrate Līgo, one of the most cherished and ancient traditions in Latvia. This midsummer festival is deeply rooted in pagan customs, honoring the summer solstice — the longest day and shortest night of the year. It is a time of joy, music, nature, and ancient rituals.

Origins and Meaning

Līgo derives from the Latvian verb līgot, meaning “to sway” or “to bend,” symbolizing the movement of nature and the cycle of life. The celebration dates back thousands of years to pre-Christian times when the solstice was revered for its connection to fertility, growth, and harmony with nature. The festival also commemorates Jānis, a mythical figure often associated with the sun and light.

Festive Traditions

The Līgo festivities start on the evening of June 23rd and continue on June 24th. This magical night is filled with ancient rituals, folk songs, and bonfires, each carrying deep symbolic meanings:

• Wreaths and Garlands: Women wear flower crowns made of wildflowers, while men wear wreaths woven from oak leaves — symbols of strength, fertility, and wisdom.

• Jumping Over Bonfires: Participants leap over roaring bonfires to bring good luck, ward off evil spirits, and ensure health for the coming year. Couples often hold hands and leap together over the flames — a symbolic act meant to burn away bad luck, strengthen their bond, and bring prosperity in the coming year. According to tradition, if the couple lets go of each other’s hands mid-jump, it’s a sign that their relationship may not last. But if they land still holding hands, it’s believed their love will endure and grow stronger. The fire acts as both a test and a blessing, offering insight into the strength of the couple’s connection. Even solo jumpers take part to attract health, luck, and protection from evil spirits.

• Singing Dainas: Traditional Latvian folk songs called dainas are sung throughout the night, often in call-and-response form, to celebrate nature, love, and life.

• Herbal Magic: People collect healing herbs and search for the mythical fern flower, said to bloom only on this night and bring eternal happiness to whoever finds it.

• Feasting: Traditional foods include cheese, beer, and seasonal produce. It is a time for communal feasting and sharing.

Līgo is not just a holiday; it’s a powerful expression of Latvian heritage. It connects modern Latvians to their roots and traditions, where humans and nature coexist in balance. For many, it is also a deeply personal and spiritual experience — an opportunity to let go of the old and welcome the new.

In 2008, UNESCO recognized Latvian song and dance celebrations — which include Līgo traditions — as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

While rural communities often preserve the most traditional forms of celebration, urban centers like Riga host public concerts, fairs, and bonfire events. Whether in the countryside or the city, Līgo night brings people together in a joyful, nature-infused celebration that bridges ancient customs and modern life, and if you’re in Latvia, it’s an experience you can’t miss.”